Table of Contents
Translator Competence and Qualifications
Sandberg is certified to the translation services standard ISO 17100 which specifies requirements for all aspects of the translation process directly
affecting the quality and delivery of the company’s translation services. The
ISO 17100 standard includes provisions for translation service providers (TSPs)
concerning the management of core processes, minimum qualification requirements
for translators, revisers and project managers, the availability and management
of resources, and other actions necessary for the delivery of a quality
translation service.
For our in-house and freelance
translators this means that you are expected to have the following professional
competences as described in ISO 17100:
a) Translation competence: the ability to translate content in
accordance with the tasks listed below under Translation,
including the ability to address the problems of language content comprehension
and language content production and the ability to render the target language
content in accordance with the client-TSP agreement and other project
specifications.
b) Linguistic and textual competence in the source language and the
target language: the ability to understand the source
language, fluency in the target language, and general or specialized knowledge
of text-type conventions. This linguistic and textual competence includes the
ability to apply this knowledge when producing translation or other target
language content.
c) Competence in research, information acquisition, and processing: the
ability to efficiently acquire the additional linguistic and specialized
knowledge necessary to understand the source language content and to produce
the target language content. Research competence also requires experience in
the use of research tools and the ability to develop suitable strategies for
the efficient use of the information sources available.
d) Cultural competence: ability to make use of information on
the behavioural standards, up-to-date terminology, value systems, and locale
that characterize both source and target language cultures.
e) Technical competence: the knowledge, abilities, and skills
required to perform the technical tasks in the translation process by employing
technical resources including the tools and IT systems that support the whole
translation process.
f) Domain competence: the ability to understand
content produced in the source language and to
reproduce it in the target language using the appropriate style and
terminology.
These competencies may be acquired by
degree studies in translation or languages from an institution of higher
education or experience in translating, as outlined below, and maintained and
developed by CPD (Continuing Professional Development) activities.
Translators carrying out revision tasks
are expected to have the same competencies and translation or revision
experience in the domain under consideration.
You should also meet at least one of the following
qualification criteria
a) a degree in translation, linguistics or language studies or an equivalent degree that includes significant translation training, from a recognised institution of higher education;
b) a degree in any other field from a recognised institution of higher education plus the equivalent of two years of full-time professional experience in translating;
c) the equivalent of five years of full-time
professional experience in translating.
More
information regarding these five areas of competence or required qualifications
can be requested from Sandberg’s Vendor Manager.
For each assignment you accept from Sandberg, your acceptance of our order
confirmation means that you consider yourself to have the necessary competence
to carry out the assignment as outlined above. You must always deliver a thorough
and properly executed translation. You are expected to work according to good
industry practice and research the topic as necessary, have the required
technical tools and dictionaries at your disposal, proofread your own translation
and run a spellcheck and any other necessary checks before delivery. We are
always happy to help you with any technical or other questions relating to your
work for us.
Continuing Professional Development
CPD is short for "Continuing Professional Development" and it can be defined as the "systematic maintenance, improvement and broadening of knowledge and skills, and the development of personal qualities necessary for the execution of professional duties throughout the working life" or life-long learning.
CPD activities are required in most professions. In the translation industry, CPD is promoted at industry associations, and required by translation service standards such as ISO 17100. ISO 17100 requires all translators, PMs and other staff involved in production to undertake CPD activities and maintain their competences by continuing practice.
Sandberg requests you to confirm you undertake CPD activities when you join our freelancer database, and after that you should continue to undertake CPD on an annual basis. By continuing to accept tasks and use the functions of Passport you are confirming that you undertake CPD regularly. We support you with this by providing articles, translation tool training, MTPE training, and more on the Knowledge Base. There is no limit to the amount of CPD activities you should undertake annually. Internally at Sandberg we recommend 2–3 days per year, which together with on-the-job learning and continuous practice, is what most translators can easily achieve.
What qualifies as CPD? Examples
Formal training
> Webinars and training sessions organised by Sandberg
> Webinars, training and courses organised by any other companies or associations, e.g. Proz.com, translator associations
On-the-job learning
> Learning to use a new translation tool
> Learning to work with machine translation
> Reading instructions on a new type of task, for example, content creation or search engine optimisation
> Researching new subject areas or text types, for example, wind power
Following industry news and developments
> Proz.com Community Choice Award blogs and articles
> LinkedIn translation/localization industry groups & discussions
Membership of industry association
> Joining and industry association and following or participating in their work
Keeping in touch with source or target language culture when abroad
> News
> Language, terminology and linguistic institutes' recommendations and newsletters
Sandberg Knowledge Base
At http://kb.stptrans.com/ you will find our Knowledge Base, an extensive collection of
useful tips and tricks on how to use different translation-related applications,
how to solve problems relating to these applications, alongside useful links to
glossaries and other linguistic resources.
Purchase Order (PO)
All
projects are confirmed with an emailed PO (Purchase Order, or order
confirmation) which states the work type, source and target languages, field,
volume, rate and deadline. Do not start without a PO or an explicit go-ahead
from Sandberg's project manager.
Instructions and Queries
Always
follow the project instructions sent to you with the order confirmation. You
are welcome to submit queries or request additional reference material in good
time prior to the agreed deadline; we will contact the client and do our best
to help you. You can find Sandberg's query management guidelines for translators in our KnowledgeBase article kb.stptrans.com/Article.aspx?p=848. Do not contact Sandberg’s client or the end-client directly.
Translation
We
expect translators to translate in accordance of the purpose of the translation
project, including the linguistic conventions of the target language and
project instructions. The translation process should take into account the
following, as outlined in ISO 17100:
a) compliance with specific
domain and client terminology and/or any other reference material provided and ensuring
terminological consistency during translation;
b) semantic accuracy of the
target language content;
c) appropriate syntax, spelling,
punctuation, diacritical marks, and other orthographical conventions of the
target language;
d) lexical cohesion and
phraseology;
e) compliance with any
proprietary and/or client style guide (including domain, language register, and
language variants);
f) locale and any applicable
standards;
g) formatting;
h) target audience and purpose of
the target language content.
We
expect translators to proofread their own work against the source text for
possible semantic, grammatical and spelling issues, and for omissions or other
errors, before delivery, regardless of whether the translation is scheduled to
be revised by a second linguist or not.
Revision
Revision
(proofreading) by a second linguist should always be carried out against the
source. If the work is done in memoQ, the PM and translators need to follow the memoQ revision instructions. If the work is done in some other tool or file format, revision changes should usually be marked by tracked changes, otherwise the changes can be made directly in the
translated files.
Revisers
are provided with and should read all the relevant translation instructions and
query answers and make sure the translation has been carried out according to
them. Reference material should be consulted where necessary, and the reviser
should attempt to check any terminology either with the translator or from
alternative sources if they suspect something is wrong. Otherwise, it is the
translator’s task to ensure all specialist terminology is correct. The reviser’s
main tasks are to make sure that the text is suitable for its purpose, does not
contain any mistranslations, spelling or grammatical errors, and that the
translation is complete and carried out according to instructions provided for
the project. The reviser should inform the project manager of any significant
issues in the translation.
Finalisation
"Finalisation" is a
term used at Sandberg to denote the last stages of a translation project, where the
finaliser readies the translation files for delivery.
The project instructions
provided will specify who has been asked to finalise the project before final
delivery. This will be either the translator, or the reviser, depending on
circumstances.
Finalisation by the
translator
If the project is finalised by
the translator after the reviser has finished, the translator is expected to
review all changes suggested by the reviser, and confirm they accept the
changes. They are free to reject changes they feel inappropriate.
They should ensure all changes have
been made globally in the files. They should run a final QA and spelling check.
No comments should remain in the
files and the files should be ready for delivery to the client, once the
finalisation process has been completed.
The translator should complete
by the “translation” and “finalisation” parts of the QC checklist.
Finalisation by the reviser
If the project is finalised by
the reviser, they should make all their changes globally in the files, and then
run a final QA and spell check.
No comments should remain in the
files and the files should be ready for delivery to the client, once the
finalisation process has been completed.
The reviser should complete by
the “revision” and “finalisation” parts of the QC checklist.
Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling
Your
translation should always follow the standard or current official rules of the
target language with regard to grammar and spelling. Try to avoid a literal
translation of the source document. Any spelling or typing mistakes can easily
be removed with the spellchecker but remember that not all mistakes are
detected electronically. You should always read through your finished work to
check for any incorrect wording and spelling mistakes.
The
following links take you to basic Nordic and English language guidelines
compiled by Sandberg’s Lead Translators. Any style guidelines provided by Sandberg’s
clients for a translation project take precedence over these language
guidelines.
·
Danish http://stptrans.com/style-guide/danish-language-guidelines/
·
English http://stptrans.com/style-guide/english-language-guidelines/
·
Finnish http://stptrans.com/style-guide/finnish-language-guidelines/
·
Norwegian http://stptrans.com/style-guide/norwegian-language-guidelines/
·
Swedish http://stptrans.com/style-guide/swedish-language-guidelines/
Final Checks
All work should be
checked prior to delivery to Sandberg. Translators are expected to carry out self-revision
(check) of the translated target content, before the translation is
passed on to the reviser, who carries out a full revision of the target
language against the source. In many cases, Sandberg’s
clients order a translation-only service, where no revision by a second
linguist is scheduled. All translation assignments should be of a final
quality, deliverable to the client, regardless of whether revision by a second
linguist is scheduled or not.
Spellchecking
All
work must be spellchecked prior to delivery regardless of file format or tool
used. Please ask your project manager if you are unsure of how to spellcheck in
the tool you are using.
QA Checking
Quality
Assurance (QA) checking is a set of mechanical checks that pick up on errors in
translated files that a human eye easily misses. These may be missing
translations, inconsistencies or punctuation issues, or inconsistencies with
the provided glossary. QA checking is a mandatory step in Sandberg's workflows, and
you are asked to confirm that QA checking has been done when you complete a
project.
Read more about QA checking in the Sandberg guidelines here: QA Checking.
QC Checklist
The
Quality Control Checklist is a simple checklist intended to make sure that both
the translator and the reviser as well as the project manager for the project
have carried out their tasks as required, including any final checks. The QC
checklist opens up automatically when you mark a task completed in the Current Tasks view on our Passport portal, for tasks that require it. The project manager will
verify that the checklist has been correctly filled in and request
clarification if necessary.
Resources and Reference Material
Always
use the resources, translation memories (TMs), glossaries/termbases (TBs) and
reference material provided by the project manager. If there are any issues
with the supplied reference material and/or terminology, contact your project
manager as soon as possible.
Delivery
Deliver
the translated files or project in the format requested by your project manager,
by the delivery date and time on your order confirmation (PO), and mark the task completed. Inform your project
manager of any issues or delays in the schedule as soon as you are aware of
them.
Translation Tools
Please
use the translation tool and version requested by the project manager. Sandberg’s
main translation tool is memoQ, however, we also use a host of other
translation tools so please let us know if you upgrade your translation tool or
acquire new tools. Some tools have translator versions that we can provide to
you free of charge.
If you have any problems using memoQ or any other requested tool, do not hesitate to contact your project manager. You can also refer to Sandberg's Knowledge Base at https://kb.stptrans.com/ for instructions on how to use different tools and troubleshooting advice.
Machine Translation
The translation process has greatly evolved over the past
few years and is closely interlinked with the development of translation
technology and automation. The translation industry is accepting the fact that
using machine translation (MT) and machine translation post-editing (MTPE) as
part of the translation process is a natural sequel to leveraging and reusing
translation data from translation memories. These days statistical machine translation (SMT) is the prime MT
system applied directly in translation tools such
as memoQ and SDL Trados Studio.
MT is increasingly being used as part of Sandberg’s translation worfklows and you may be asked to carry out machine translation post-editing as part of a translation task. You are requested to read and understand Sandberg's Machine Translation Post-Editing Guidelines to know more about this. As Sandberg operates in compliance with the ISO 18587 standard for machine translation post-editing, the machine translation post-editing guidelines act as the primary source of information on how to carry out this type of task and should be considered a requirement for all linguists undertaking MTPE assignments from Sandberg.
"Best-practice" Translation Workflows
The translation workflows
described below are intended as “best-practice” workflows for translation and
revision at Sandberg. If no revision is scheduled, the translator finalises the
files and the QC checklist and delivers as per usual to the project manager.
Instructions from the project manager and the client should always be followed
as the first priority.
Translation Workflow: In-house Translation + In-house Revision
1.
Translator translates according to
instructions, using the translation tool required, and the TMs, TBs, reference
material and other materials available. Translator checks their own work.
2.
Translator passes translation on to the
reviser.
3.
Reviser reviews translation
instructions and available reference material. Revises translation and inserts
corrections, and passes the translation back to the translator. Reviser fills
in QC checklist and reports time spent to the project manager.
4.
Translator reviews the changes and
finalises files. Translator carries out a final spellcheck, QA check and other
relevant checks. Translator fills in QC checklist.
5.
Translator delivers to the project
manager.
If changes cannot be logged due to file format or translation tool used,
reviser inserts changes and finalises the file, including final spellcheck, QA check and other relevant checks. Translator and reviser fill in QC checklist.
Reviser delivers to the project manager.
Translation Workflow: Freelance Translation + In-house Revision
1.
Translator translates according to
instructions, using the translation tool required, and the TMs, TBs, reference
material and other materials available. Translator checks their own work.
2.
Translator passes translation on to the
project manager who forwards it to the reviser.
3.
Reviser reviews translation
instructions and available reference material. Revises translation and inserts
corrections. Reviser fills in QC checklist and reports time spent to the project
manager. Reviser passes the translation back to the project manager who sends
it to the translator for finalising.
4.
Translator reviews the changes and
finalises files. Translator carries out a final spellcheck, QA check and other
relevant checks. Translator fills in QC checklist.
5.
Translator delivers to the project
manager.
If
time doesn’t allow for freelance translator to finalise the translation or
changes cannot be logged due to file format or translation tool used, reviser
inserts changes and finalises the file, including final spellcheck, QA check
and other relevant checks. Translator and reviser fill in QC checklist. Reviser
delivers to the project manager.
Translation Workflow: In-house Translation + Freelance Revision
1.
Translator translates according to
instructions, using the translation tool required, and the TMs, TBs, reference
material and other materials available. Translator checks their own work.
2.
Translator passes translation on to the
project manager who forwards it to the reviser.
3.
Reviser reviews translation
instructions and available reference material. Revises translation and inserts
corrections. Reviser fills in QC checklist and reports time spent to the project
manager. Reviser passes the translation back to the project manager who sends
it to the translator for finalising.
4.
Translator reviews the changes and
finalises files. Translator carries out a final spellcheck, QA check and other
relevant checks. Translator fills in QC checklist.
5.
Translator delivers to the project
manager.
If time doesn’t allow for freelance translator to finalise the translation or
changes cannot be logged due to file format or translation tool used, reviser
inserts changes and finalises the file, including final spellcheck, QA check
and other relevant checks. Translator and reviser fill in QC checklist. Reviser
delivers to the project manager.
Translation Workflow, Freelance Translation + Freelance Revision
1.
Translator translates according to
instructions, using the translation tool required, and the TMs, TBs, reference
material and other materials available. Translator checks their own work.
2.
Translator passes translation on to the
project manager who forwards it to the reviser.
3.
Reviser reviews translation
instructions and available reference material. Revises translation and inserts
corrections. Reviser fills in QC checklist and reports time spent to the project
manager. Reviser passes the translation back to the project manager who sends
it to the translator for finalising.
4.
Translator reviews the changes and finalises
files. Translator carries out a final spellcheck, QA check and other relevant
checks. Translator fills in QC checklist.
5.
Translator delivers to the project
manager.
If
time does not allow for the translator to finalise the translation or changes
cannot be logged due to file format or translation tool used, reviser inserts
changes and finalises the file, including final spellcheck and QA check and other
relevant checks. Translator and reviser fill in QC checklist. Reviser delivers
to the project manager.
Terms
Check
(ISO 17100) examination of target language content carried
out by the translator. In these Translation and Revision Guidelines, also
referred to as “revision” and “self-revision” by the translator.
Revision
(ISO 17100) bilingual examination of target language content
against source language content for its suitability for the agreed purpose. In
these Translation and Revision Guidelines, also referred to as “revision” or
“proofreading” by a second linguist.
Text-type convention
(ISO 17100) subset of specifications for the target language
content related to the content type and domain.
Domain
(ISO 17100) subject field, sphere of knowledge of activity
having its own specialised culture, social context, and linguistic
characteristics.
Locale
(ISO 17100) set of characteristics, information, or conventions
specific to the linguistic, cultural, technical, and geographical conventions
of a target audience.
Competence
(ISO) ability to apply knowledge, experience, and skills to
achieve intended results.